Relationship between anxiety and depression, dyspnea severity, and pulmonary function in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.110916

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2025; 15(12): 110916
Published online Dec 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.110916

Table 9 Cox regression analysis

Variable	Deterioration of pulmonary function HR (95%CI)	P value	HRCT progression HR (95%CI)	P value
GAD-7 (time-varying)	1.128 (1.042-1.221)	0.003	1.097 (1.015-1.186)	0.019
PHQ-9 (time-varying)	1.142 (1.053-1.238)	0.002	1.104 (1.017-1.198)	0.018
Age (years)	1.008 (0.976-1.041)	0.611	1.012 (0.982-1.043)	0.43
Sex (female = 1)	1.152 (0.752-1.764)	0.511	1.091 (0.698-1.707)	0.705
Systemic sclerosis (yes = 1)	1.324 (0.884-1.984)	0.176	1.287 (0.859-1.928)	0.221

P < 0.05 indicated significant difference. GAD-7: Generalized anxiety disorder-7; PHQ-9: Patient health questionnaire-9; HRCT: High-resolution computed tomography.

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Citation: Zhu ZJ, Liu KL, Qu HR. Relationship between anxiety and depression, dyspnea severity, and pulmonary function in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 110916
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i12/110916.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.110916

Zhu ZJ, Liu KL, Qu HR. Relationship between anxiety and depression, dyspnea severity, and pulmonary function in connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 110916 [PMID: 41357912 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.110916]

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