Stress response, complications, and postoperative recovery in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and comorbid anxiety/depression undergoing ultrasound-guided intervention

Table 1 Comparison of negative psychological state scores before and after surgery between the groups

Group	Cases, n	HAM-D		HAM-A
		Before	After	Before	After
Research	45	14.09 ± 1.33	6.25 ± 1.12a	17.10 ± 1.41	7.02 ± 1.21
Control	45	14.01 ± 1.25	8.78 ± 1.25a	17.06 ± 1.39	9.13 ± 1.26a
t value		0.415	4.116	0.187	6.032
P value		0.071	0.001	0.066	0.010

^aP < 0.05 vs preoperative and postoperative values in the same group.

HAM-A: Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAM-D: Hamilton Depression Scale.