Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study

Figure 3 Cardiovascular event-free survival and predictors of readmission. A: Kaplan-Meier survival curve for cardiovascular event-free survival during 1-year follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier plot shows the cumulative probability of remaining free from cardiovascular-related readmission or adverse events over a 365-day follow-up period. The steepest decline in survival probability occurred within the first 200 days, indicating a high-risk period for cardiovascular deterioration after hospital discharge; B: Multivariable Cox regression analysis identifying predictors of cardiovascular-related readmission. This forest plot presents hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for independent predictors of cardiovascular readmission at 12 months post-discharge. Significant predictors include higher Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, absence of β-blocker therapy, older age, elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and advanced New York Heart Association class IV status. Psychotherapy and worsening congestive heart failure at admission showed trends toward risk modification but did not reach statistical significance. LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CHF: Congestive heart failure.