Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study

Table 5 Univariable analysis of risk factors for 1-year cardiovascular event readmission, mean ± SD/%

Variable	Event group (n = 48)	No event group (n = 112)	P value
Age, years	77 ± 8	74 ± 9	0.042
Male	50	66	0.067
Heart rate, bpm	84 ± 14	81 ± 14	0.219
NYHA class IV	17	14	0.049
Coronary artery disease	61	52	0.284
Prior MI	46	35	0.191
Hypertension	58	63	0.548
Hyperlipidemia	31	37	0.441
Low education level	42	32	0.228
Divorced/separated	19	18	0.889
Ischemic etiology	52	65	0.113
LVEF	27 ± 7	32 ± 8	0.006
LVEF ≤ 20%	27	12	0.023
PHQ-9 score	9 ± 4	6 ± 3	< 0.001
NT-proBNP, median (interquartile range), pg/mL	3950 (2300-5600)	2900 (1600-4300)	0.041
Use of psychotherapy	17	8	0.086
β-blocker use at discharge	48	72	0.027
ACE inhibitor use	60	74	0.091
Diuretic use	65	78	0.084
Nitrate use	46	52	0.486
Antidepressant use	10	12	0.723
Anxiolytic use	15	9	0.237
Worsening CHF as admission	63	41	0.041

NYHA: New York Heart Association; MI: Myocardial infarction; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; CHF: Congestive heart failure.