Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2025; 15(12): 109437
Published online Dec 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437

Table 3 Clinical indicators and treatment of heart failure patients with depression, mean ± SD/% (n/total)

Variables	Total (n = 160)	No/mild depression (n = 100)	Moderate/severe depression (n = 60)	Test statistic	P value
LVEF	30 ± 8	34 ± 7	26 ± 6	t = 2.2	0.031
LVEF ≤ 20%	18.1 (29/160)	10.0 (10/100)	31.7 (19/60)	χ² = 4.1	0.042
PHQ-9 score	7 ± 3	4 ± 2	12 ± 4	t = 6.2	< 0.001
NT-proBNP, pg/mL, median (interquartile range)	3000 (1800-4700)	2700 (1600-4100)	3900 (2100-5400)	Z = 2.1	0.038
CRP, mg/L	8.5 ± 3.2	7.9 ± 3.1	9.6 ± 3.3	t = 1.7	0.084
Hemoglobing, dL	11.2 ± 1.5	11.4 ± 1.3	10.7 ± 1.6	t = 1.8	0.076
Serum albumin, g/L	38 ± 4	39 ± 3	36 ± 4	t = 1.9	0.058
Serum creatinine, μmol/L	109 ± 36	102 ± 34	121 ± 38	t = 1.9	0.062
Length of hospital stay, days, median (interquartile range)	9 (6-13)	8 (5-11)	11 (7-15)	Z = 1.8	0.071
Use of psychotherapy	10.0 (16/160)	4.0 (4/100)	20.0 (12/60)	χ² = 6.4	0.011
Worsening CHF	45.0 (72/160)	28.0 (28/100)	73.3 (44/60)	χ² = 4.8	0.029
Myocardial infarction	20.0 (32/160)	14.0 (14/100)	30.0 (18/60)	χ² = 2.9	0.086
Unstable angina	15.0 (24/160)	9.0 (9/100)	25.0 (15/60)	χ² = 1.1	0.294
Arrhythmia	11.9 (19/160)	7.0 (7/100)	20.0 (12/60)	χ² = 0.8	0.371
Other admission	8.1 (13/160)	5.0 (5/100)	13.3 (8/60)	χ² = 0.5	0.478
β-blockers at discharge	65.0 (104/160)	43.0 (43/100)	21.7 (13/60)	χ² = 5.0	0.027
Calcium blockers	30.0 (48/160)	20.0 (20/100)	10.0 (6/60)	χ² = 3.4	0.068
ACE inhibitors	70.0 (112/160)	48.0 (48/100)	21.7 (13/60)	χ² = 5.2	0.023
Diuretics	75.0 (120/160)	50.0 (50/100)	25.0 (15/60)	χ² = 5.6	0.019
Nitrates	50.0 (80/160)	35.0 (35/100)	15.0 (9/60)	χ² = 4.2	0.041
Antidepressants	20.0 (32/160)	8.0 (8/100)	11.7 (7/60)	χ² = 4.4	0.036
Anxiolytics	18.1 (29/160)	5.0 (5/100)	13.3 (8/60)	χ² = 3.9	0.046

LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; CRP: C-reactive protein; CHF: Congestive heart failure; ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme.

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Citation: Mao FG, Tang YL, Wang XY, Jin X, Fan JY. Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 109437
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i12/109437.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437

Mao FG, Tang YL, Wang XY, Jin X, Fan JY. Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 109437 [PMID: 41357921 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437]

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