Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Psychiatry. Dec 19, 2025; 15(12): 109437
Published online Dec 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437

Table 2 Medication use and adherence stratified by depression severity, % (n/total)

Variables	No/mild depression (n = 100)	Moderate/severe depression (n = 60)	Test statistic	P value
β-blocker use	68.0 (68/100)	53.3 (32/60)	χ² = 3.5	0.061
ACE inhibitor/ARB use	70.0 (70/100)	56.7 (34/60)	χ² = 3.7	0.054
Diuretic use	75.0 (75/100)	61.7 (37/60)	χ² = 3.0	0.084
Antidepressant use	9.0 (9/100)	16.7 (10/60)	χ² = 2.6	0.107
Anxiolytic use	7.0 (7/100)	13.3 (8/60)	χ² = 2.9	0.091
Psychotherapy	6.0 (6/100)	18.3 (11/60)	χ² = 4.1	0.043
High adherence (MMAS-4 = 0)	40.0 (40/100)	25.0 (15/60)	χ² = 4.6	0.031
Moderate adherence (MMAS-4 = 1-2)	38.0 (38/100)	40.0 (24/60)	χ² = 0.1	0.794
Low adherence (MMAS-4 = 3-4)	22.0 (22/100)	35.0 (21/60)	χ² = 3.9	0.048

ACE: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blocker; MMAS-4: Morisky Medication Adherence Scale.

Citation: Mao FG, Tang YL, Wang XY, Jin X, Fan JY. Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 109437
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i12/109437.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437

Mao FG, Tang YL, Wang XY, Jin X, Fan JY. Psychocardiological impact of depression on medication adherence, ventricular function, and readmission in heart failure: A retrospective cohort study. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(12): 109437 [PMID: 41357921 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i12.109437]

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