Effectiveness of non-invasive interventions for internet gaming disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Risk-of-bias assessments

Ref.	Domain 1: Randomization process	Domain 2: Deviations from intended interventions	Domain 3: Missing outcome data	Domain 4: Measurement of the outcome	Domain 5: Selection of the reported result	Overall risk of bias
Hong et al[1]	Low	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Some concerns
Jeong et al[2]	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Fu et al[3]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Lee et al[4]	Low	Some concerns	Low	Low	Low	Some concerns
Nielsen et al[5]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Brailovskaia et al[6]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Lindenberg et al[7]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Maden et al[8]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Dieris-Hirche et al[9]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Ede et al[10]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Ji and Wong[11]	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low

The judgments are based on the RoB 2 tool's criteria, where each domain is assessed as 'Low', 'Some concerns', or 'High' risk of bias. The overall risk of bias for each study is determined by the highest risk level in any domain, unless there are specific reasons to override this judgment.