Psychoeducational treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative review emphasizing family-based approaches

Table 9 Formats of family-based psychoeducational treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder

Format/model	Description
Family-assisted CBT or ERP	Family members are actively involved in providing CBT or ERP, family members act as coaches, co-therapists or supervisors of therapy[22,23]
Cognitive-behavioural family-based treatment (CBFT)	Includes all components of CBT or ERP, active involvement of family members in providing CBT or ERP, and training of family members in skills to reduce accommodation and antagonism[24,52,135]
Brief CBFT	Two sessions of psychoeducation and skills training in reducing accommodation for patients and family members[135,141]
Family-based CBT or ERP	Attended by both patients and family members. Family members provide CBT or ERP. Includes training of family members in reducing accommodation and antagonism[111,133,141]
Positive family interaction therapy	Adjunct to individual patient CBT. Teaches family members skills to handle accommodation and antagonism[111,140]
Family-integrated CBT or family-inclusive treatment	Family members join the patient in ERP or CBT and help the patient carry out the treatment. Family members receive treatment independent of the patient, individually or in groups. A combination of both approaches is used[24,139]
Couples-integrated CBT	Includes psychoeducation for patients and partners, couple-assisted ERP or CBT, couple-based interventions to reduce accommodation and antagonism, and couples therapy[115,141]
Parent training (SPACE-Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions program)	An intervention exclusively for parents of children with OCD. Children do not participate. Teaches parents to reduce accommodation, by identifying accommodative behaviours, learning skills to reduce such behaviours, and by providing support for parents[135,140,141,144]
Psychoeducational support groups	Psychoeducational support groups for family members only, or for patients and family members[23,24]
Multi-family treatments
Multi-family behavioural treatment	Combines elements of multi-family support groups, family-assisted CBT or ERP, and communication skills training[23,24]
Multi-family psychoeducational intervention	Psychoeducation and training in reducing accommodation and antagonism for groups of multiple families[23,135]

CBT: Cognitive behavioural therapy; ERP: Exposure and response prevention; OCD: Obsessive-compulsive disorder.