Psychoeducational treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A narrative review emphasizing family-based approaches

Table 5 Formats and models of psychoeducational treatments

Formats/models	Details
Psychoeducational interventions with patients
Individual psychoeducation for patients	Psychoeducational treatments conducted with individuals with the illness[68,69]
Group psychoeducation for patients	Psychoeducational treatments conducted with individuals with the illness in group formats[68,69]
Brief psychoeducation	Psychoeducational treatments lasting for less than 10 sessions and 3-4 months[70]
Psychoeducational interventions with families
Behavioural family management	A family-based approach including psychoeducation, structured problem solving, and communication training[31,71]
Family-focused therapy	A family-based treatment for bipolar disorder modelled on the behavioural family management. Consists of psychoeducation, communication enhancement training, and problem-solving skills training[72]
Family psychoeducation	A model that involves connecting with the family, providing illness education, and ongoing support and crisis intervention during treatment[31,71]
Relatives’ groups	Relatives’ groups providing education and teaching coping skills for patients and families. Relatives’ groups without patients providing support and problem-solving for the family[31,71]
Multi-family psychoeducational groups	Multi-family psychoeducational groups are conducted with several families simultaneously. Consists of engagement, psychoeducation, problem-solving training, teaching coping skills, and supporting families[31,71,73]
Professional family education programmes	Family education programmes do not involve the patient and do not focus on patient outcomes. The focus is on information and support for families and their well-being and functioning. Family education programmes are run by professionals[25,31,71]
Family consultation treatments	An individual family psychoeducational treatment where the family meets with a consultant (professional or peers). Education, advice, and support are provided according to the family’s needs[31,71,74]
Peer-led family education treatments	Psychoeducational treatments for families conducted by family members of other patients or persons with mental illnesses. Consists of education, teaching emotional coping, problem-solving, communication, and self-care skills. Includes advocacy for patients and their families[31,71,74]
Crisis-orientated individual psychoeducation	Outpatient-based crisis intervention sessions for patients and families[75]
Modified forms of more traditional family therapies	Modified forms of systemic family therapy[30]