Agitation in Alzheimer’s disease: From assessment to therapeutics

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2025; 15(11): 109581
Published online Nov 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.109581

Table 2 Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for agitation in cognitive disorders

Modifiable	Non-modifiable
Acute environmental changes (e.g., changes in caregiver and daily routine with over- and/or under-stimulation)	Advanced dementia
Caregiver attitude and interaction	History of psychiatric disorders, including antisocial and borderline personality traits or disorders
Current psychiatric disorder (e.g., depression)	Impulsivity
Physical or somatic illness (e.g., pain, thirst, hunger)	Impaired insight
Prescribed or illicit drugs (e.g., antihistamines, anticholinergics, alcohol)	Sensory impairments

Citation: Teixeira AL, Kim Y, Cordeiro TM, de Erausquin GA, Rocha NP. Agitation in Alzheimer’s disease: From assessment to therapeutics. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(11): 109581
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i11/109581.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.109581

Teixeira AL, Kim Y, Cordeiro TM, de Erausquin GA, Rocha NP. Agitation in Alzheimer’s disease: From assessment to therapeutics. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(11): 109581 [PMID: 41281504 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.109581]

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