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Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2025; 15(11): 109566
Published online Nov 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.109566
Table 3 Mediation analysis of Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Grade Point Average by chronotype
TypeEffectEstSE95%CI
βZP value
Lower
Upper
EIndirectDBAS ⇒ PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.010.00-0.10-1.880.06
ComponentDBAS ⇒ PSQI0.030.010.010.050.332.800.01
PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.080.03-0.15-0.02-0.32-2.540.01
DirectDBAS ⇒ GPA0.000.00-0.000.010.060.480.63
TotalDBAS ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.010.01-0.04-0.350.72
MIndirectDBAS ⇒ PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.000.00-0.04-0.570.57
ComponentDBAS ⇒ PSQI0.050.010.030.080.474.19< 0.001
PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.010.02-0.060.03-0.08-0.570.57
DirectDBAS ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.010.00-0.09-0.640.52
TotalDBAS ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.010.00-0.13-1.030.31
IIndirectDBAS ⇒ PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.000.00-0.06-1.100.27
ComponentDBAS ⇒ PSQI0.040.010.010.060.332.590.01
PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.040.03-0.090.02-0.17-1.210.23
DirectDBAS ⇒ GPA0.000.00-0.000.010.070.500.61
TotalDBAS ⇒ GPA0.000.00-0.010.010.020.110.91
AllIndirectDBAS ⇒ PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.00-0.00-0.07-2.270.02
ComponentDBAS ⇒ PSQI0.040.010.030.050.385.52< 0.001
PSQI ⇒ GPA-0.040.02-0.08-0.01-0.20-2.490.01
DirectDBAS ⇒ GPA0.000.00-0.000.000.040.520.60
TotalDBAS ⇒ GPA-0.000.00-0.000.00-0.03-0.450.66


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