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Retrospective Study
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Nov 19, 2025; 15(11): 108684
Published online Nov 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i11.108684
Table 1 Comparison of inter-group differences for the factors emotional state, sleep quality, and hope level (mean ± SD, points)
GroupnSDS
PSQI
HHS
Before
After
Before
After
Before
After
Control8060.50 ± 5.6554.20 ± 4.6011.90 ± 2.154.50 ± 1.2035.50 ± 3.3039.50 ± 3.15
Observation8060.85 ± 5.8051.95 ± 4.7511.65 ± 2.104.00 ± 1.1534.95 ± 3.4041.35 ± 3.50
t value0.3873.0440.7442.6911.0383.514
P value0.7000.003a0.4580.008a0.3010.001a


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