Alcohol use-related problems in general hospitals and primary care settings: Screening, intervention, and referral to treatment

Table 2 Advantages and disadvantages in three dimensions

Dimensions	Advantages	Disadvantages
Screening	Broad use	Self-report tools
	Early detection	Lack of reliable objective markers
	Convenient
	Good validity
Intervention	Effectiveness in mild cases	Limited impact on severe AUD
	Flexibility	Cultural barriers
	Cost effective	Limited long-term impact
		Lack of training
Referral to treatment	Specialized care	Low referral rate and engagement
	Multidisciplinary support	Referral delay in practice