Effect of grief counseling on psychological distress and negative emotions among family members of patients with terminal tumors

Table 6 Comparison of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 scores between the two groups of subjects before and after the intervention, mean ± SD

		Pre-DASS-21	Post-DASS-21	t	P value
Depression	Control group (n = 40)	13.02 ± 1.76	10.10 ± 1.83	-0.516	0.609
	Intervention group (n =41)	12.98 ± 1.71	8.05 ± 1.73	-4.351	< 0.001
	t	-0.125	-5.300
	P value	0.901	< 0.001
Anxiety	Control group (n = 40)	14.07 ± 1.75	9.05 ± 2.39	-0.429	0.670
	Intervention group (n = 41)	14.05 ± 1.70	7.02 ± 1.85	-3.602	0.034
	t	-0.067	-4.379
	P value	0.947	< 0.001
Stress	Control group (n = 40)	17.14 ± 1.56	14.02 ± 1.89	-0.781	0.618
	Intervention group (n = 41)	17.05 ± 1.63	12.40 ± 2.20	-2.503	0.028
	t	-0.279	-3.659
	P value	0.781	< 0.001

DASS-21: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21.