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Meta-Analysis
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 110404
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.110404
Table 5 Risk-of-bias assessment using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool
Ref.
Is the case definition adequate?
Representativeness of the cases
Selection of controls
Definition of controls
Comparability of cases and controls based on the design or analysis
Ascertainment of exposure
Same method of ascertainment for cases and controls
Non-response rate
Total
Pagoto et al[32], 2009111121119
Fuemmeler et al[33], 2011111111118
Aguirre Castaneda et al[37], 2016111121119
Hanć et al[36], 2015111111118


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