Effects of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on growth in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Meta-Analysis

World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 110404
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.110404

Table 4 Risk-of-bias assessment using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies tool

Ref.	A stated aim of the study	Inclusion of consecutive patients	Prospective collection of data	Endpoint appropriate to the study aim	Unbiased evaluation of endpoints	Follow-up period appropriate to the major endpoint	Loss to follow-up not exceeding 5%	Prospective calculation of the sample size	A control group having the gold standard intervention	Contemporary groups	Baseline equivalence of groups	Statistical analyses adapted to the study design	Total
Deng et al[42], 2021	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Çevikaslan et al[41], 2021	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Spencer et al[30], 2005	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Sund and Zeiner[29], 2001	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Díez-Suárez et al[39], 2017	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Mellström et al[28], 2020	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Fast et al[43], 2021	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Germinario et al[35], 2013	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	24
Mei et al[44], 2022	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Spencer et al[31], 2007	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Gurbuz et al[38], 2016	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16
Byrd et al[34], 2013	2	2	2	2	2	0	2	2	-	-	-	-	14
Lee et al[27], 2022	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	-	-	-	-	16

Citation: Zhang Y, Miao YY, Wang FX, Li X, Wang JH, Wang ZL, Ren QS, Wang YL, Yuan FJ, Zhou YJ, Shang MY. Effects of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on growth in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 110404
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/110404.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.110404

Zhang Y, Miao YY, Wang FX, Li X, Wang JH, Wang ZL, Ren QS, Wang YL, Yuan FJ, Zhou YJ, Shang MY. Effects of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder on growth in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 110404 [PMID: 41112607 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.110404]

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