©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 108776
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108776
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108776
Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants (n = 410), n (%)
| Variables | Case-case study (n = 70) | Case-control study (n = 340) | ||||||
| Total (n = 70) | Boys (n = 51) | Girls (n = 19) | P value | Total (n = 340) | Control (n = 170) | ASD (n = 170) | P value | |
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 5.16 ± 1.97 | 5.12 ± 2.18 | 5.26 ± 1.28 | 0.786 | 4.48 ± 0.98 | 4.55 ± 0.83 | 4.42 ± 1.11 | 0.225 |
| Gender | 0.999 | |||||||
| Boys | - | - | - | - | 266.0 (78.2) | 133.0 (78.2) | 133.0 (78.2) | |
| Girls | - | - | - | - | 74.0 (21.8) | 37.0 (21.8) | 37.0 (21.8) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.681 | 0.999 | ||||||
| Han | 68 (97.1) | 49 (96.1) | 19 (100.0) | 335.0 (98.5) | 167.0 (98.2) | 168.0 (98.8) | ||
| Other | 2 (2.9) | 2 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 5.0 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.8) | 2.0 (1.2) | ||
| Father’s age at birth, mean ± SD | 32.41 ± 5.69 | 32.27 ± 5.55 | 32.79 ± 6.21 | 0.739 | 32.46 (5.47) | 32.38 (4.54) | 32.55 (6.28) | 0.767 |
| Mother’s age at birth, mean ± SD | 30.34 ± 5.00 | 29.84 ± 4.58 | 31.68 ± 5.90 | 0.172 | 30.08 (4.77) | 30.40 (3.83) | 29.76 (5.55) | 0.216 |
| Father education level | 0.546 | 0.926 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 9 (12.9) | 6 (11.8) | 3 (15.8) | 70.0 (20.6) | 34.0 (20.0) | 36.0 (21.2) | ||
| High school | 24 (34.3) | 16 (31.4) | 8 (42.1) | 92.0 (27.1) | 45.0 (26.5) | 47.0 (27.6) | ||
| College degree or higher | 37 (52.9) | 29 (56.9) | 8 (42.1) | 178.0 (52.4) | 91.0 (53.5) | 87.0 (51.2) | ||
| Mother education level | 0.714 | 0.829 | ||||||
| Less than high school | 14 (20.0) | 9 (17.6) | 5 (26.3) | 77.0 (22.6) | 37.0 (21.8) | 40.0 (23.5) | ||
| High school | 23 (32.9) | 17 (33.3) | 6 (31.6) | 99.0 (29.1) | 48.0 (28.2) | 51.0 (30.0) | ||
| College degree or higher | 33 (47.1) | 25 (49.0) | 8 (42.1) | 164.0 (48.2) | 85.0 (50.0) | 79.0 (46.5) | ||
| Mode of delivery | 0.471 | 0.825 | ||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 45 (64.3) | 31 (60.8) | 14 (73.7) | 201.0 (59.1) | 99.0 (58.2) | 102.0 (60.0) | ||
| Cesarean delivery | 25 (35.7) | 20 (39.2) | 5 (26.3) | 139.0 (40.9) | 71.0 (41.8) | 68.0 (40.0) | ||
| Birthweight (kg) | 3.18 ± 0.54 | 3.14 ± 0.50 | 3.29 ± 0.65 | 0.328 | 3.17 (0.50) | 3.18 (0.46) | 3.16 (0.53) | 0.702 |
| Premature | 0.273 | 0.550 | ||||||
| No | 59 (84.3) | 41 (80.4) | 18 (94.7) | 287.0 (84.4) | 141.0 (82.9) | 146.0 (85.9) | ||
| Yes | 11 (15.7) | 10 (19.6) | 1 (5.3) | 53.0 (15.6) | 29.0 (17.1) | 24.0 (14.1) | ||
| ABC scores, mean ± SD | 62.87 ± 13.05 | 63.82 ± 13.81 | 60.32 ± 10.68 | 0.321 | - | - | - | - |
| CARS scores, mean ± SD | 35.67 ± 3.71 | 36.18 ± 3.81 | 34.32 ± 3.09 | 0.061 | - | - | - | - |
- Citation: Zhang CY, Chen YL, Hou F, Li YZ, Wang WX, Guo L, Zhang CX, Li L, Lu CY. Association of folate metabolism gene polymorphisms with autism susceptibility and symptom severity in the Chinese population. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 108776
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/108776.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108776