Longitudinal trajectories of somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms influence stroke risk across different populations: Three prospective cohort studies

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108061

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 108061
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108061

Table 3 Hazard ratios between trajectories of total depressive symptoms and the risk of stroke occurrence

Type	Term	Source	Model	HR	Lower_CI	Upper_CI	SE	Beta	P value
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently low	Reference
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	CHARLS	1	2.06	1.57	2.71	0.14	5.19	2.08E-07
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	CHARLS	2	2.22	1.68	2.93	0.14	5.61	2.01E-08
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	CHARLS	3	1.80	1.36	2.38	0.14	4.08	4.60E-05
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	CHARLS	1	1.27	0.79	2.05	0.24	0.98	3.27E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	CHARLS	2	1.33	0.82	2.15	0.24	1.17	2.44E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	CHARLS	3	1.12	0.69	1.81	0.25	0.46	6.46E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	CHARLS	1	1.54	1.20	1.98	0.13	3.34	8.25E-04
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	CHARLS	2	1.60	1.24	2.06	0.13	3.62	2.95E-04
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	CHARLS	3	1.47	1.14	1.90	0.13	2.95	3.21E-03
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	CHARLS	1	1.39	0.88	2.19	0.23	1.41	1.58E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	CHARLS	2	1.43	0.91	2.26	0.23	1.55	1.21E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	CHARLS	3	1.26	0.80	1.99	0.23	0.99	3.20E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently low	Reference
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	ELSA	1	1.96	1.35	2.86	0.19	3.51	4.40E-04
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	ELSA	2	1.70	1.16	2.49	0.20	2.70	7.03E-03
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	ELSA	3	1.50	1.02	2.21	0.20	2.05	4.09E-02
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	ELSA	1	1.26	0.62	2.55	0.36	0.64	5.20E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	ELSA	2	1.00	0.49	2.04	0.36	0.00	9.97E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	ELSA	3	0.88	0.43	1.80	0.36	-0.35	7.25E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	ELSA	1	1.61	1.32	1.97	0.10	4.69	2.68E-06
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	ELSA	2	1.51	1.23	1.85	0.10	3.91	9.31E-05
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	ELSA	3	1.44	1.17	1.77	0.11	3.44	5.90E-04
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	ELSA	1	2.28	1.42	3.64	0.24	3.44	5.91E-04
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	ELSA	2	1.75	1.09	2.81	0.24	2.33	1.98E-02
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	ELSA	3	1.71	1.06	2.74	0.24	2.22	2.63E-02
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently low	Reference
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	HRS	1	1.77	1.59	1.97	0.05	10.49	9.91E-26
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	HRS	2	1.66	1.49	1.86	0.06	8.92	4.82E-19
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Consistently high	HRS	3	1.45	1.29	1.62	0.06	6.34	2.36E-10
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	HRS	1	0.86	0.32	2.29	0.50	-0.30	7.62E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	HRS	2	0.75	0.28	2.00	0.50	-0.58	5.61E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Decreasing	HRS	3	0.67	0.25	1.80	0.50	-0.79	4.28E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	HRS	1	1.34	1.20	1.50	0.06	5.20	2.04E-07
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	HRS	2	1.33	1.19	1.49	0.06	4.97	6.58E-07
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Fluctuating	HRS	3	1.26	1.13	1.41	0.06	4.05	5.19E-05
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	HRS	1	1.62	1.03	2.55	0.23	2.07	3.82E-02
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	HRS	2	1.39	0.88	2.19	0.23	1.42	1.54E-01
Depressive_symptom_trajectory	Increasing	HRS	3	1.31	0.83	2.06	0.23	1.16	2.45E-01

Model 1 explores the unadjusted risk ratios of depressive symptom trajectories with stroke risk. Model 2 adjusts for age, gender, marital status, and education level in addition to the depressive symptom trajectories and stroke risk ratios. Model 3 further adjusts for smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, and heart problems in addition to age, gender, marital status, education level, and the risk ratios of depressive symptom trajectories with stroke risk. CHARLS: China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study; ELSA: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; HRS: Health and Retirement Study; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

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Citation: Zou XL, He CL, Li X, Jiang JJ, Tang YS, Cui GY, Zhang WY, Zhou C. Longitudinal trajectories of somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms influence stroke risk across different populations: Three prospective cohort studies. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 108061
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/108061.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108061

Zou XL, He CL, Li X, Jiang JJ, Tang YS, Cui GY, Zhang WY, Zhou C. Longitudinal trajectories of somatic and cognitive-affective depressive symptoms influence stroke risk across different populations: Three prospective cohort studies. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 108061 [PMID: 41112612 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.108061]

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