Effect of preoperative transcranial direct current stimulation on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following laparoscopic surgery

Table 3 Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of postoperative delirium

Characteristics	Univariable analysis unadjusted OR (95%CI)	P value	Multivariable analysis adjusted OR (95%CI)	P value
Group	0.255 (0.104-0.627)	0.003	0.284 (0.111-0.727)	0.009
Age	2.889 (1.177-7.089)	0.021	1.994 (0.758-5.241)	0.162
ASA	1.665 (0.701-3.954)	0.248	-	-
MMSE	0.253 (0.098-0.650)	0.004	0.275 (0.102-0.739)	0.010
History of smoking	1.803 (0.826-3.938)	0.139	-	-
FRAIL	3.918 (1.596-9.616)	0.003	2.838 (1.091-7.382)	0.032
Hemoglobin1	1.443 (0.627-3.319)	0.388	-	-
Albumin	0.474 (0.213-1.057)	0.068	0.599 (0.251-1.430)	0.248
AIS	2.000 (0.726-5.512)	0.180	-	-
Duration of surgery	1.686 (0.709-4.009)	0.237	-	-

¹Normal hemoglobin values are 120-160 g/L for adult men and 110-150 g/L for adult women.

The multivariable section in the model only used variables with P < 0.100. Specific subgroups: Age (≤ 65 years vs > 65 years); American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification score (II vs III); Mini-Mental State Examination (≤ 26 vs > 26); history of smoking (yes vs no); frailty (robust vs prefrail or frail); hemoglobin (non-anemia vs anemia); albumin (≤ 39 vs > 39); Athens Insomnia Scale (≤ 3 vs > 3); duration of surgery (≤ 180 vs > 180). OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; AIS: Athens Insomnia Scale.