Effect of preoperative transcranial direct current stimulation on postoperative delirium in elderly patients following laparoscopic surgery

Table 2 Postoperative data by treatment group, n (%)

Characteristics	Sham-tDCS (n = 101)	Active-tDCS (n = 100)	P value
Postoperative delirium	23 (22.8)	7 (7.0)	0.002
Days with delirium, median (IQR)	2 (1-2)	2 (1.25-2)	0.432
Type of delirium			0.829
Hypoactive	15	4
Hyperactive	4	1
Mixed	4	2
Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, median (IQR)	27 (24.5-28)	26 (24-27)	0.045
Self-Rating Depression Scale, median (IQR)	27 (26-29)	26 (25-28)	0.024
Numeric Rating Scale score, median (IQR)	4 (3-5)	4 (3-4)	0.243
Use of salvage analgesics	18 (17.8)	14 (14.0)	0.459
Duration of hospitalization, median (IQR), day	14 (12-18)	15 (13-18)	0.445

tDCS: Transcranial direct current stimulation; IQR: Interquartile range.