Depression and anxiety in patients with endometriosis-associated chronic pain: Neuroimmune mechanisms mediated by inflammatory factors

Figure 1 Comparison of inflammatory marker levels between participants with and without depression. ^aP < 0.001 for all comparisons. Bar graph showing median (with interquartile range) serum levels of interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein in patients with endometriosis-associated chronic pain, classified based on the presence (brown) or absence (blue) of depression. n = 200; Mann-Whitney U-test. CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha.