Depression and anxiety in patients with endometriosis-associated chronic pain: Neuroimmune mechanisms mediated by inflammatory factors

doi:10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107147

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World Journal of Psychiatry

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2220-3206

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Psychiatry. Oct 19, 2025; 15(10): 107147
Published online Oct 19, 2025. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107147

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population, n (%)

Characteristic	All participants (n = 200)	With depression (n = 85)	Without depression (n = 115)	P value	With anxiety (n = 102)	Without anxiety (n = 98)	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	32.7 ± 6.4	33.2 ± 6.1	32.3 ± 6.6	0.325	32.5 ± 6.3	32.9 ± 6.5	0.652
BMI (kg/m²), mean ± SD	24.6 ± 4.3	25.3 ± 4.6	24.1 ± 4.0	0.047^a	25.0 ± 4.5	24.2 ± 4.0	0.182
Education level				0.089	-		0.134
Secondary or lower	42 (21.0)	23 (27.1)	19 (16.5)		26 (25.5)	16 (16.3)
College	114 (57.0)	43 (50.6)	71 (61.7)		53 (52.0)	61 (62.2)
Postgraduate	44 (22.0)	19 (22.4)	25 (21.7)		23 (22.5)	21 (21.4)
Marital status				0.762	-		0.518
Single	62 (31.0)	25 (29.4)	37 (32.2)		34 (33.3)	28 (28.6)
Married	122 (61.0)	52 (61.2)	70 (60.9)		59 (57.8)	63 (64.3)
Divorced/separated	16 (8.0)	8 (9.4)	8 (7.0)		9 (8.8)	7 (7.1)
Employment status				0.018^a	-		0.042^a
Employed	138 (69.0)	51 (60.0)	87 (75.7)		63 (61.8)	75 (76.5)
Unemployed	46 (23.0)	25 (29.4)	21 (18.3)		29 (28.4)	17 (17.3)
Student	16 (8.0)	9 (10.6)	7 (6.1)		10 (9.8)	6 (6.1)
Disease duration (year), mean ± SD	6.8 ± 4.5	7.5 ± 4.7	6.3 ± 4.3	0.059	7.2 ± 4.6	6.4 ± 4.3	0.195
rASRM stage				0.007^b	-		0.013^a
Stage I (minimal)	28 (14.0)	8 (9.4)	20 (17.4)		10 (9.8)	18 (18.4)
Stage II (mild)	42 (21.0)	13 (15.3)	29 (25.2)		17 (16.7)	25 (25.5)
Stage III (moderate)	76 (38.0)	34 (40.0)	42 (36.5)		42 (41.2)	34 (34.7)
Stage IV (severe)	54 (27.0)	30 (35.3)	24 (20.9)		33 (32.4)	21 (21.4)
Pain severity (VAS), mean ± SD	6.4 ± 2.1	7.3 ± 1.8	5.7 ± 2.0	< 0.001^c	7.0 ± 1.9	5.7 ± 2.0	< 0.001^c
Previous treatments
Analgesics	178 (89.0)	78 (91.8)	100 (87.0)	0.283	93 (91.2)	85 (86.7)	0.320
Hormonal therapy	142 (71.0)	64 (75.3)	78 (67.8)	0.250	76 (74.5)	66 (67.3)	0.261
Surgery	168 (84.0)	74 (87.1)	94 (81.7)	0.307	88 (86.3)	80 (81.6)	0.364
Infertility	62 (31.0)	32 (37.6)	30 (26.1)	0.078	37 (36.3)	25 (25.5)	0.098

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001.

BMI: Body mass index; rASRM: Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine; VAS: Visual analog scale.

Full Size Table

Citation: Yang FC, Zhou Y, Zhang SY, Ma R. Depression and anxiety in patients with endometriosis-associated chronic pain: Neuroimmune mechanisms mediated by inflammatory factors. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 107147
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-3206/full/v15/i10/107147.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107147

Yang FC, Zhou Y, Zhang SY, Ma R. Depression and anxiety in patients with endometriosis-associated chronic pain: Neuroimmune mechanisms mediated by inflammatory factors. World J Psychiatry 2025; 15(10): 107147 [PMID: 41112598 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i10.107147]

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