High-risk factors for delirium in severely ill patients and the application of emotional nursing combined with pain nursing

Table 1 Univariate analysis of risk factors for delirium in intensive care unit patients, n (%)

Variable	Delirium group (n = 102)	Non-delirium group (n = 199)	χ2/t	P value
Combined emotional and pain care	42 (41.18)	108 (54.27)	4.625	0.032
Diabetes history	37 (36.27)	39 (19.60)	9.937	0.002
Patient source (emergency)	75 (73.53)	72 (36.18)	37.650	< 0.001
Surgery	80 (78.43)	183 (91.96)	11.190	0.001
Smoking history	59 (57.84)	62 (31.16)	19.980	< 0.001
Alcoholism history	35 (34.31)	38 (19.10)	8.501	0.004
Renal insufficiency	39 (38.24)	19 (9.55)	35.680	< 0.001
Use of vasoactive drugs	78 (76.47)	82 (41.21)	33.680	< 0.001
Placement of an indwelling drainage tube	101 (99.02)	180 (90.45)	7.465	0.006
Ventilator time (h)	70.85 ± 7.01	20.33 ± 1.70	9.068	< 0.001
ICU stay (d)	6.23 ± 0.52	2.07 ± 0.14	9.834	< 0.001
C-reactive protein level (mg/L)	165.70 ± 10.14	123.20 ± 7.82	3.364	< 0.001
Length of sedative medication (h)	56.67 ± 5.56	17.01 ± 1.08	9.218	< 0.001
APACHE II score	16.42 ± 0.36	12.19 ± 0.26	9.439	< 0.001
SOFA score	6.81 ± 0.28	4.55 ± 0.18	7.124	< 0.001
RASS score	-3.86 ± 0.04	-3.72 ± 0.05	2.011	0.045

ICU: Intensive care unit; APACHE: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health status assessment; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; RASS: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale.