Organized physical activity and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, and intellectual disability

Table 2 The amount of physical activity/organized physical activity (minutes per week) and level of physical activity in autism spectrum disorders in comparison to control intellectual disability, and cerebral palsy groups

Min/week	ASD, mean (SD)	ID, mean (SD)	CP, mean (SD)	P value
OPA
Aerobic exercise	1.0 (8.7)	1.1 (10.2)	0.6 (6.5)	0.938
Dancing	7.3 (30.7)	14.2 (44.6)	6.9 (38.3)	< 0.001
Gymnastic	2.2 (24)	0.6 (8.1)	0.2 (3.1)	0.367
Tennis	0.4 (3.9)	2.0 (16.9)	4.7 (51.5)	0.323
Football	10.5 (59.4)	9.2 (34.4)	3.7 (28.2)	0.003
Volleyball	2.6 (29.2)	1.3 (9.4)	0.4 (4.3)	0.246
Basketball	0.8 (12.1)	2.3 (26.7)	0.3 (4.2)	0.475
Handball	0 (0)	0.1 (2.5)	0.3 (3.3)	0.132
Swimming laps	11.1 (58.2)	2.6 (17.4)	1.2 (10.2)	0.008
Rollerblading	4.2 (24.7)	3.6 (37.7)	0.2 (2.9)	0.017
Skateboarding	0.7 (8.3)	0.9 (15.4)	0.3 (4.2)	0.690
Physical education class	2.3 (14.7)	1.9 (11.5)	1.1 (8.6)	0.567
Sport class at school	16.4 (25.1)	10.5 (24.9)	6.6 (17.1)	< 0.001
Total OPA	59.5 (134.0)	50.4 (101.3)	26.6 (85.1)	< 0.001
Non-OPA (mins/week)
Bicycling	27.4 (95.7)	11.7 (49.8)	9.4 (76.6)	< 0.001
Scooter	6.9 (37)	4.0 (29.3)	0.5 (4.6)	0.008
Skipping rope	1.6 (17.2)	0.8 (5.8)	0.3 (3.6)	0.047
Playing with the ball	0.7 (7.9)	1.7 (29.4)	0.3 (5.1)	0.377
Tag/chasey	2.1 (20.8)	3.8 (20.8)	0.6 (7.3)	< 0.001
Household chores	23.5 (70.7)	26.3 (94.8)	10.6 (53)	< 0.001
Walk for exercise	49.7 (103.5)	23.7 (55.9)	22.7 (135.6)	< 0.001
Play on playground equipment	48.2 (95.7)	22.7 (53.9)	13.6 (43.5)	< 0.001
Jogging or running	17.4 (82.6)	9.2 (35.0)	4.1 (22.1)	< 0.001
Swimming for fun	21.8 (48.6)	6.6 (25.1)	9.8 (34.5)	< 0.001
Bounce on the trampoline	4.9 (30.1)	1.5 (15.3)	0.5 (4.9)	< 0.001
Play with pet	2.3 (18.6)	3.7 (24)	5.5 (41.9)	0.471
Travel to school by walking	4.0 (21.3)	6.1 (31.9)	1.2 (9.8)	< 0.001
Travel to school by bicycling	0.2 (3.8)	0.2 (2.4)	0.1 (2.3)	0.822
Total non-OPA	210.8 (295.3)	122.1 (210.1)	79.4 (207.5)	< 0.001
Level of PA/OPA
Moderate physical activity	198.7 (277.1)	129.4 (206.9)	79.8 (207.2)	< 0.001
Vigorous physical activity	71.5 (159.4)	43.1 (111.9)	26.1 (84.2)	< 0.001
Total physical activity	270.3 (372.9)	172.4 (275.3)	105.9 (241.8)	< 0.001

PA: Physical activity; OPA: Organized physical activity; ASD: Autism spectrum disorders; CP: Cerebral palsy; ID: Intellectual disability; SD: Standard deviation.