Analysis of the relationship between blood pressure variability and subtle cognitive decline in older adults

Table 4 Correlation between blood pressure variability and cognitive function by multivariate linear regression analysis

Outcome		Unadjusted model	P value	Adjusted model 1	P value	Adjusted model 2	P value
		β (95%CI)		β (95%CI)		β (95%CI)
Memory	SBP SD	-0.82 (-1.17 to -0.49)	< 0.001	-0.57 (-0.91 to -0.22)	< 0.001	-0.51 (-0.89 to -0.21)	< 0.001
	SBP CV	-0.79 (-1.15 to -0.42)	< 0.001	-0.61 (-0.93 to -0.32)	< 0.001	-0.59 (-0.91 to -0.25)	< 0.001
	DPB SD	-0.31 (-0.56 to -0.07)	< 0.05	-0.29 (-0.51 to -0.08)	0.029	-0.27 (-0.49 to -0.07)	0.035
	DPB CV	-0.27 (-0.55 to 0.01)	0.037	-0.26 (-0.47 to -0.08)	0.041	-0.23 (-0.41 to -0.03)	0.049
Language	SBP SD	0.04 (-0.02 to 0.09)	0.155	0.03 (-0.01 to 0.07)	0.165	0.03 (-0.02 to 0.09)	0.172
	SBP CV	0.04 (-0.01 to 0.11)	0.153	0.03 (-0.01 to 0.09)	0.167	0.03 (-0.02 to -0.10)	0.157
	DPB SD	0.11 (-0.01 to 0.23)	0.241	0.09 (0.02 to 0.19)	0.305	0.09 (0.01 to 0.18)	0.291
	DPB CV	0.08 (-0.02 to 0.17)	0.195	0.07 (-0.01 to 0.15)	0.236	0.07 (-0.02 to 0.16)	0.229
Attention	SBP SD	-0.76 (-1.07 to -0.39)	< 0.001	-0.67 (-1.03 to -0.21)	< 0.001	-0.70 (-1.01 to -0.39)	< 0.001
	SBP CV	-0.69 (-0.95 to -0.27)	< 0.001	-0.61 (-0.93 to -0.25)	< 0.001	-0.59 (-0.87 to -0.31)	< 0.001
	DPB SD	-0.17 (-0.35 to 0.02)	0.09	-0.11 (-0.32 to 0.01)	0.13	-0.12 (-0.31 to 0.02)	0.13
	DPB CV	-0.15 (-0.29 to -0.01)	0.08	-0.09 (-0.03 to 0.02)	0.15	-0.08 (-0.02 to 0.03)	0.17
Visuospatial ability	SBP SD	-0.27 (-0.39 to -0.14)	< 0.01	-0.21 (-0.35 to -0.10)	< 0.01	-0.20 (-0.33 to 0.06)	< 0.01
	SBP CV	-0.31 (-0.42 to -0.21)	< 0.01	-0.27 (-0.39 to -0.14)	< 0.01	-0.22 (-0.40 to -0.05)	< 0.01
	DPB SD	-0.11 (-0.25 to -0.03)	0.147	-0.07 (-0.02 to 0.03)	0.163	-0.06 (-0.02 to 0.01)	0.179
	DPB CV	-0.15 (-0.29 to 0.01)	0.133	-0.08 (-0.19 to 0.02)	0.182	-0.08 (-0.18 to 0.03)	0.195
Executive function	SBP SD	0.16 (0.05 to 0.28)	0.217	0.12 (-0.02 to 0.23)	0.327	0.11 (-0.01 to 0.27)	0.401
	SBP CV	0.15 (0.05 to 0.26)	0.195	0.11 (-0.01 to 0.21)	0.313	0.10 (0.01 to 0.0.21)	0.374
	DPB SD	0.23 (0.09 to 0.39)	0.291	0.19 (0.03 to 0.34)	0.307	0.17 (0.02 to 0.33)	0.351
	DPB CV	0.19 (0.03 to 0.37)	0.277	0.15 (0.04 to 0.27)	0.295	0.15 (0.04 to 0.29)	0.283
Social cognition	SBP SD	-0.06 (-0.10 to 0.02)	0.571	-0.04 (-0.12 to 0.07)	0.653	-0.03 (-0.11 to 0.06)	0.692
	SBP CV	-0.05 (-0.09 to 0.04)	0.612	-0.02 (-0.13 to 0.11)	0.713	0.01 (-0.14 to 0.13)	0.865
	DPB SD	0.17 (0.08 to 0.27)	0.187	0.14 (-0.03 to 0.31)	0.295	0.13 (-0.02 to 0.29)	0.312
	DPB CV	0.16 (0.04 to 0.29)	0.203	0.13 (-0.01 to 0.30)	0.323	0.12 (-0.02 to 0.27)	0.371

Unadjusted model: Random intercept for the study center. Adjusted model 1: Corrected for age, education, and diabetes. Adjusted model 2: Corrected for age, education, diabetes, body mass index, hypertension, coronary artery disease, smoking, drinking, blood lipids, and serum creatinine levels. SBP SD: 24-hsystolic blood pressure standard deviation; SBP CV: 24-h systolic blood pressure coefficient of variation; DBP SD: 24-h diastolic blood pressure standard deviation; DBP CV: 24-h diastolic blood pressure coefficient of variation.