Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder and their impact on the illness: A systematic review

Table 1 Prevalence of psychosis in bipolar disorder

Study groups	Lifetime rates	Current rates
BD	n = 40, mean 57%; Median 56%; Range: 17%-93%	n = 32, mean 46%; Median 44%; Range: 11%-99%
BD I	n = 32, mean 61%; Median 64%; Range: 30%-90%	n = 10, mean 43%; Median 40%; Range: 12%-75%
BD II	n = 12, mean 22%; Median 20%; Range: 1%-49%	n = 6, mean 19%; Median 18%; Range: 9%-29%
Mania	BD-n = 5, mean 43%; Median 48%; Range: 19%-63%	BD-n = 201, mean 60%; Median 58%; Range: 25%-90%
	BP I-n = 4, mean 60%; Median 56%; Range: 44%-86%	BP I-n = 51, mean 56%; Median 56%; Range: 8%-91%
Bipolar depression	BD-n = 10, mean 21%; Median 19%; Range: 8%-42%	BD-n = 242, mean 24%; Median 19%; Range: 10%-80%
	BP I-n = 11, mean 27%; Median 27%; Range: 6%-55%	BP I-n = 12, mean 18%; Median 19%; Range: 3%-28%
	BP II-n = 6, mean 15%; Median 10%; Range: 7%-30%	BP II-n = 11, mean 11%; Median 8%; Range: 5%-28%
Mixed episodes	BD-n = 2, mean 50%; Median 50%; Range: 34%-66%	BD-n = 14, mean 47%; Median 40%; Range: 8%-97%
	BP I-n = 3, mean 43%; Median 33%; Range: 10%-86%	BP I-n = 143, mean 52%; Median 50%; Range: 15%-89%
		BP II-n = 2, mean 11%; Median 11%; Range: 7%-15%

¹After excluding outliers, mean and median = 51%.

²After excluding outliers, mean = 19% and median = 18%.

³After excluding outliers, mean = 41% and median = 40%.

Complete details in Supplementary Table 3. BD: Bipolar disorder; BP I: Bipolar disorder type I; BP II: Bipolar disorder type II.