Depressive disorder and antidepressants from an epigenetic point of view

Table 2 Histone tail modifications studies on depressed suicide victims

Gene (region)/histone tail modification	Alteration	Subjects and collected tissue	Ref.
BDNF, H3K9/14ac, H3K27me2	↓ H3K9/14ac, ↑ HDAC2, ↑ HDAC3, ↑ H3K27me2, ↓ BDNF in HPC and NAc. ↑ Sin3a in HPC	14 suicide victims (5 females and 9 males) without psychiatric diagnosis and 8 controls (3 females and 5 males). Brain tissue (HPC, NAc, and FCx; BA10)	Misztak et al[53], 2020
H3K4me3	↑ In H3K4me3 at promoter of SYN2. ↑ expression SYN2b; no changes in SYN2a expression	7 females and 11 males with MDD suicide victims and 14 controls (3 females and 12 males). Brain tissue (PFC; BA10)	Cruceanu et al[81], 2013
H3K14ac	↑ H3K14ac. ↓ HDAC2 mRNA expression	8 depressed females and males. Brain tissue (NAc)	Covington et al[11], 2009

↓: Decreased expression; ↑: Increased expression; BA10: Brodmann area 10; BDNF: Brain derived neurotrophic factor; FCx: Frontal cortex; H3K14ac: Acetylation of lysine 14 on histone 3; H3K9/14ac: Acetylation of lysine 9/14 on histone 3; H3K27me2: Dimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3; H3K4me3: Trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3; HDAC2: Histone deacetylase 2; HDAC3: Histone deacetylase 3; HPC: Hippocampus; MDD: Major depressive disorder; mRNA: Messenger RNA; NAc: Nucleus accumbens; Sin3a: SIN3 transcription regulator family member A; PFC: Prefrontal cortex; SYN2: Synapsin II; SYN2b: Synapsin IIb; SYN2a: Synapsin IIa.