Drug-induced stuttering: A comprehensive literature review

Table 1 Number of episodes of drug-induced stuttering reported in the online literature and included in the present review

Therapeutic category	Number of episodes of stuttering, n = 86 (%)
Antipsychotics
Clozapine	30 (34.9)
Olanzapine	8 (9.3)
Risperidone	4 (4.6)
Aripiprazole	3 (3.5)
Trifluoperazine	1 (1.2)
Chlorpromazine	1 (1.2)
Fluphenazine	1 (1.2)
Levomepromazine	1 (1.2)
Anticonvulsants
Phenytoin	2 (2.3)
Divalproex	2 (2.3)
Pregabalin	2 (2.3)
Gabapentin	1 (1.2)
Lamotrigine	1 (1.2)
Central nervous system agents
Methylphenidate	3 (3.5)
Memantine	2 (2.3)
Levodopa	4 (4.6)
Dextroamphetamine and amphetamine salts (Adderall®)	1 (1.2)
Atomoxetine	1 (1.2)
Pemoline	1 (1.2)
Antidepressants
Sertraline	3 (3.5)
Bupropion	3 (3.5)
Desipramine	1 (1.2)
Bipolar agents
Lithium	3 (3.5)
Respiratory tract agents
Theophylline	4 (4.6)
Anxiolytics
Alprazolam	1 (1.2)
Antineoplastics
Methotrexate	1 (1.2)
Pyrethrin	1 (1.2)
Total	86 (100)