Depression among caregivers of patients with dementia: Associative factors and management approaches

Table 3 Interventions and modifications for caregiver depression in reviewed literature, classified and matched according to the associated factors and dimensions

Patient with dementia
Address physical care domain
	Psychoeducation
	Counseling
	Environmental modification
	Access to community resources
	Relief pain
Address psychological domain
	Psychoeducation
	Cognitive Behavioral approaches
	Strategies to treat and compensate cognitive deficits
	Reality and insight enhancements
Address behavioral and psychological symptoms
	Psychoeducation
	Counseling
	Pharmacological treatments
Caregiver
Address distress sensation
	Leisure and physical activity
	Counseling
	Mindfulness-Based Interventions
	Psychological and social support
Address self-efficacy
	Counseling
	Cognitive Behavioral approaches
	Communication skills
	Behavioral management skills
	Problem-solving techniques
	Crisis management
	Training on nursing care
Address commitment to caregiving role
	Counseling
	Psychological and social support
Address guilty feelings
	Leisure and physical activity
	Counseling
	Cognitive Behavioral approaches
	Psychological and social support
Address sleep problems
	Leisure and physical activity
	Cognitive Behavioral approaches
	Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Address coping strategies
	Psychoeducation
	Leisure and physical activity
	Counseling
	Psychological and social support
	Coping with loss and grief
Address accommodations in work environment
	Counseling
	Psychological and social support

Key factors (listed in Table 1) considered include: (1) For patients: Activities of daily living dependence, behavioral disturbances, higher levels of anosognosia, physical, and psychological suffering; (2) For caregivers: Higher caregiver distress sensations, sleep disturbances, lower self-efficacy, lower levels of commitment to the caregiving role, guilty feelings; and (3) For cultural background: Coping style, less flexibility, and accommodations in their work environments.