Measures of empathy in children and adolescents: A systematic review of questionnaires

Table 2 Included studies aimed at validating adaptations (n = 6, A) or translations of the included measures (n = 19, B), and assessing further psychometric properties (n = 6, C)

Ref.	Measure	Language	Sample size
(A) Adaptation studies
Auyeung et al[95], 2012	EQ– adolescent version	English	1243
Bensalah et al[60], 2016	BES – child version	French	410
Merino-Soto and Grimaldo-Muchotrigo[103], 2015	BES – short version	Spanish	135
Overgaauw et al[59], 2017	EQ – CA version	Dutch	1250
Pechorro et al[104], 2018	BES – short version	Portuguese	543
Salas-Wright et al[105], 2013	BES – short version	Spanish	208
Sánchez-Pérez et al[58], 2014	BES – parent report	Spanish	364
(B) Translation studies
Albiero et al[106], 2009	BES	Italian	665
Albiero et al[107], 2010	BES	Italian	1191
Čavojová et al[108], 2012	BES	Slovak	429
D'Ambrosio et al[109], 2009	BES	French	446
de Wied et al[110], 2007	BEI	Dutch	1978
del Barrio et al[111], 2004	BEI	Spanish	832
Geng et al[112], 2012	BES	Chinese	1524
Soroa et al[113], 201	TECA	Basque	504
Grazzani et al[114], 2017	EQ	Italian	304
Hawk et al[115], 2013	IRI	Dutch	501
Herrera-López et al[116], 201	BES	Spanish	747
Liu et al[117], 2018	CASES	Chinese	860
Lucas-Molina et al[118], 2018	EQ	Spanish	103
Pechorro et al[119], 2015	BES	Portuguese	221
Mestre-Escriva et al[120], 2004	IRI	Spanish	1285
Rudra et al[121], 2016	EQ-C	Bengali	51
Vilte et al[122], 2016	CEAQ	Spanish	297
You et al[123], 2018	BES	Korean	1524
Zengin et al[124], 2018	AMES	Turkish	212
(C) Psychometric Properties
Anastácio et al[125], 2016	BES	Portuguese	1029
Carrasco Ortiz et al[126], 2011	IRI	Spanish	721
Holgado Tello et al[127], 2013	IRI	Spanish	721
Lasa Aristu et al[128], 2008	BEI	Spanish	2714
Lucas-Molina et al[129], 2016	BEI	Spanish	2050
Pechorro et al[72], 201	BES	Portuguese	377

AMES: Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy; BES: Basic Empathy Scale; BEI: Bryant’s Empathy Index; CA: children and adolescents; CASES: Cognitive, Affective and Somatic Empathy Scales; CEAQ: Children’s Empathic Attitudes Questionnaire; EQ: Empathy Questionnaire; EQ-C: Empathy Quotient for Children; IRI: Interpersonal Reactivity Index; TECA: Cognitive and Affective Empathy Scale (Test de Empatia Cognitiva y Afectiva).