Factors causing a relapse of major depressive disorders following successful electroconvulsive therapy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Characteristics of the participants

Variables	Total	MDD patients	BP patients	P values	MDD with remission	BP with remission	P values
n	85	53	32		8	21
Male, n (%)	27 (31.8)	16 (30.2)	11 (34.4)	0.690	2 (25.0)	7 (33.3)	0.670
Age, yr	56.0 ± 17.0	56.6 ± 17.6	55.0 ± 16.1	0.676	55.0 ± 21.3	51.9 ± 14.9	0.656
Onset age, yr	51.7 ± 17.4	53.7 ± 18.3	48.5 ± 15.3	0.179	51.4 ± 23.3	47.0 ± 13.2	0.527
Duration from onset to first ECT, mo	53.1 ± 83.2	33.5 ± 48.1	85.8 ± 115	0.009	36.9 ± 37.9	67.1 ± 86.1	0.385
Psychotic features, n (%)	30 (35.3)	23 (43.4)	7 (21.9)	0.046	3 (37.5)	5 (23.8)	0.469
HAMD-21 on admission	22.3 ± 13.8	24.4 ± 15.1	18.9 ± 10.9	0.079	26.4 ± 11.0	19.1 ± 10.2	0.103
HAMD-21 on discharge	7.13 ± 5.03	6.77 ± 4.14	7.72 ± 6.26	0.008	8.75 ± 4.59	6.90 ± 5.43	0.403
GAF on admission	32.9 ± 15.5	31.0 ± 16.0	36.0 ± 14.5	0.150	37.9 ± 9.88	39.0 ± 16.0	0.861
GAF on discharge	66.6 ± 7.70	66.4 ± 7.52	67.0 ± 8.08	0.720	66.5 ± 9.07	69.2 ± 5.97	0.348
Duration from first ECT to relapse, mo					9.63 ± 10.4	3.38 ± 3.77	0.022

Results showed as mean ± SD. MDD: Major depressive disorder; BP: Bipolar disorder; ECT: Electroconvulsive therapy; HAMD-21: Hamilton Depression Scale; GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.