Alcohol and drug use disorders in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Prevalence and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and emotional dysregulation

Table 1 Demographic characteristics, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptom severity, and emotional dysregulation in 585 adult patients diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a psychiatric clinic specialized in examination and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

	Men, n = 317	Women, n = 268	All patients, n = 585
Age in years, mean ± SD	36.2 (11.5)	37.5 (11.2)	36.8 (11.4)
Range	18-67	18-69	18-69
Married or cohabitant	143 (45.1)	107 (39.9)	250 (42.7)
Living with children	110 (34.7)	117 (43.7)a	227 (38.8)
Years of education: ≤ 12	172 (54.3)	129 (48.1)	301 (51.5)
13-15	121 (38.2)	108 (40.3)	229 (39.1)
> 15	24 (7.6)	31 (11.6)	55 (9.4)
Work participation	193 (60.9)	149 (55.6)	342 (58.5)
ADHD symptom severity1, mean ± SD	50.4 (9.5)	52.3 (9.5)b	51.4 (9.5)
Inattention, mean ± SD	27.0 (4.6)	27.8 (4.9)a	27.4 (4.7)
Impulsivity-hyperactivity, mean ± SD	23.3 (6.6)	24.7 (6.5)b	24.0 (6.6)
Emotional dysregulation2, mean ± SD	11.0 (5.6)	13.4 (5.3)c	12.1 (5.6)

When others not specified, figures are given as numbers (percentage).

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

^cP < 0.001; women compared with men.

¹Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity was assessed by the Adult ADHD Self Report Scale.

²Emotional dysregulation was assessed by 8 items from the Current Behavior Scale - Self Report questionnaire. SD: Standard deviation.