Effects of age and sex on clinical high-risk for psychosis in the community

Table 2 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the sample

	Total sample (n = 2916)	Males (n = 1550)	Females (n = 1366)	χ²(df)/U; P value (Cramer’s V/Rosenthal’s r)
Study participation: n (%) in BEAR	2683 (92.0)	1447 (93.4)	1236 (90.5)	8.14 (1); 0.004 (0.053)
Age in years: mean ± SD, Mdn	28.8 ± 8.7, 31	28.6 ± 8.6, 31	29.0 ± 8.9; 32	1031227.0; 0.226 (0.022)
Nationality: n (%) Swiss	2708 (92.9)	1433 (92.5)	1275 (93.3)	0.86 (1); 0.353 (0.017)
Marital status: n (%) single	1730 (59.3)	977 (63.0)	753 (55.1)	18.82 (1); < 0.001 (0.080)
Concluded school education: n (%) yes	2538 (87.0)	1372 (88.5)	1166 (85.4)	6.42 (1); 0.011 (0.047)
Highest school education: n (%)				5.14 (3); 0.162 (0.042)
ISCED 1	148 (5.1)	78 (5.0)	70 (5.1)
ISCED 2	1689 (57.9)	921 (59.4)	768 (56.2)
ISCED 3 (34+35)	1079 (37.0)	551 (35.6)	528 (38.7)
Current occupation: n (%)				27.96 (4); < 0.001 (0.098)
Unemployed	61 (2.1)	37 (2.4)	24 (1.8)
Sheltered work place	7 (0.2)	7 (0.5)	0
Self-employed or temporary job, or other	34 (1.2)	6 (0.4)	28 (2.1)
Normal occupation incl. education	2814 (96.5)	1500 (96.8)	1314 (96.2)
1st- or 2nd-degree relative with mental disorder: n (%)1	1133 (39.0)	479 (31.0)	654 (48.1)	87.93 (1); < 0.001 (0.174)
With psychosis	89 (3.1)	34 (2.2)	55 (4.0)	8.22 (1); 0.004 (0.053)
With affective disorder	691 (23.8)	274 (17.8)	417 (30.6)	66.18 (1); < 0.001 (0.151)
Current SOFAS score: mean ± SD, Mdn	85.2 ± 7.1, 87	85.4 ± 7.3, 88	85.0 ± 6.9, 87	998335.5; 0.007 (0.050)
Highest-past-year SOFAS score: mean ± SD, Mdn	85.4 ± 6.9, 87	85.6 ± 7.0, 88	85.2 ± 6.8, 87	1002860.0; 0.013 (0.079)
Psychosocial impairment (SOFAS ≤ 70): n (%)	161 (5.5)	79 (5.1)	82 (6.0)	1.13 (1); 0.285 (0.020)
Current mental disorder: n (%)	386 (13.4)	158 (10.2)	228 (16.7)	26.69 (1); < 0.001 (0.096)

¹Of n = 2904 with known biological relatives. BEAR: Bern Epidemiology At-Risk; SOFAS: Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale.