Testing the hypothesis of subtypes of nonadherence in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: A prospective study

Table 1 Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment-related characteristics of the sample at admission and differences between unintentional and intentional nonadherent patients

	Total non-adherence (n = 64)	Unintentional (n = 32)	Intentional (n = 32)	P value
Age (yr)	40.6 ± 9.6	44.4 ± 10.1	36.8 ± 7.4	0.001
Sex (male)	39 (60.9)	23 (71.9)	16 (50.0)	0.073
Marital status				0.522
Married or stable relationship	12 (18.8)	5 (15.6)	7 (21.9)
Single, separated, divorced, or widowed	52 (81.2)	27 (84.4)	25 (78.1)
Educational level				< 0.001
Primary or lower	34 (53.1)	25 (78.1)	9 (28.1)
Secondary or higher	30 (46.9)	7 (21.9)	23 (71.9)
Socio-economic level				0.376
Low	49 (76.6)	26 (81.2)	23 (71.9)
Medium-High	15 (23.4)	6 (18.8)	9 (28.1)
Employment situation				0.162
Active	5 (7.8)	1 (3.1)	4 (12.5)
No active	59 (92.2)	31 (96.9)	28 (87.5)
Cohabitation				0.794
Living with family	41 (64.1)	20 (62.5)	21 (65.6)
Living alone	23 (35.9)	12 (37.5)	11 (34.4)
Length of admission (d)	23 (14-32)	25 (14-35)	21 (14-26)	0.179
Length of the disorder (yr)	11 (5-19)	11 (5-20)	10 (6-17)	0.577
Number of previous psychiatric admissions	2.0 (1.0-5.0)	1.0 (1.0-4.0)	3.0 (1.0-5.2)	0.036
Time since last hospitalization (yr)	2.0 (1.1-5.0)	2.0 (1.0-7.3)	2.0 (1.3-3.0)	0.435
ICD diagnosis				0.079
Schizophrenia	35 (54.7)	21 (65.6)	14 (43.8)
Schizoaffective disorder	29 (45.3)	11 (34.4)	18 (56.2)
Current substance use or abuse	36 (56.2)	18 (56.2)	18 (56.2)	1
History of substance use or abuse	44 (68.8)	22 (68.8)	22 (68.8)	1
Daily doses (oral antipsychotic)	1.0 (1.0-2.0)	1.0 (1.0-2.0)	1.0 (1.0-2.0)	0.243
Psychotropic pills per day	6 (4-8)	6 (4-8)	5 (3-9)	0.479
Attitude towards treatment				0.664
Negative	41 (64.1)	19 (59.4)	22 (68.8)
Neutral	15 (23.4)	9 (28.1)	6 (18.8)
Positive	8 (12.5)	4 (12.5)	4 (12.5)

Data are means ± SD, frequencies (%) and medians (IQR).