Case Control Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Psychiatr. Nov 19, 2020; 10(11): 245-259
Published online Nov 19, 2020. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v10.i11.245
Table 2 General characteristics of the subjects (n = 342)
Characteristics
n (%)
Age, mean ± SD (yr)57.3 ± 5.7
K-MMSE, mean ± SD25.6 ± 4.0
K-MoCA, mean ± SD21.2 ± 5.1
Global CDR score, mean ± SD0.4 ± 0.3
Sum of boxes in CDR, mean ± SD1.5 ± 1.7
K-IADL, mean ± SD1.0 ± 2.4
Total score of UPDRS, mean ± SD41.3 ± 21.8
Motor score of UPDRS, mean ± SD 23.1 ± 11.1
H&Y staging, mean ± SD2.3 ± 0.6
Schwab & England ADL, mean ± SD77.5 ± 15.0
Gender
Male174 (50.9)
Female168 (49.1)
Education
Middle school graduate and below195 (57.0)
High school graduate and above147 (43.0)
Handness
Right318 (93.0)
Left15 (4.4)
Both hands9 (2.6)
Family PD history
No279 (94.9)
Yes15 (5.1)
Family dementia history
No264 (92.6)
Yes21 (7.4)
Smoking (pack year)
1-2018 (7.9)
21-409 (2.6)
41-603 (0.9)
61+303 (88.6)
Coffee consumption
No174 (50.9)
Yes168 (49.1)
Carbon monoxide poisoning
No294 (93.3)
Yes21 (6.7)
Traumatic brain injury
No306 (97.1)
Yes9 (2.9)
Diabetes
No276 (82.3)
Yes60 (17.7)
Hypertension
No249 (73.5)
Yes90 (26.5)
Hyperlipidemia
No303 (89.4)
Yes36 (10.6)
Atrial fibrillation
No336 (99.1)
Yes3 (0.9)
Tremor
No120 (36.0)
Yes213 (64.0)
Rigidity
No24 (7.2)
Yes309 (92.8)
Bradykinesia
No21 (6.3)
Yes312 (93.7)
Postural instability
No159 (50.5)
Yes156 (49.5)
REM sleep behavior disorders
No195 (61.3)
Yes123 (38.7)
Late motor complications
Only ON-OFF/Wearing OFF57 (17.9)
Only levodopa-induced dyskinesia12 (3.8)
Both ON-OFF/Wearing OFF and levodopa-induced dyskinesia are present48 (15.1)
Both ON-OFF/Wearing OFF and levodopa-induced dyskinesia are absent201 (63.2)
Depression
No147 (67.1)
Yes72 (32.9)