Statins as antifungal agents

Table 3 Revealed in vitro interactions between statins and clinically used antifungal agents against different fungi

Species	Antifungal agent	Statin	Interaction	Ref.
Yeasts
Candida albicans	AMB	ATO, FLV	ADD	[28,21]
	FCZ, ITZ, KTZ	ATO	ADD	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ	FLV	ADD, SYN, NI	[21,23,29]
		LOV	SYN, ADD	[22,29]
	FCZ, ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	PRA	NI	[23,29]
	FCZ, KTZ	ROS	ADD	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ, KTZ	SIM	ADD	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	FLV, LOV	ADD	[29]
	ITZ, MCZ	ROS	SYN, ADD	[29]
	MCZ	ATO, SIM	SYN, ADD	[29]
	PN, NYS	FLV, LOV, SIM	ADD	[18,28]
Candida glabrata	AMB	ATO, ROS	ADD	[18]
	FCZ	ATO	SYN, ADD	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ	FLV	ADD, NI	[21,29]
	FCZ	LOV	SYN, ADD	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ	PRA	NI	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	ROS, SIM	ADD	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	ATO, FLV, ROS	ADD	[29]
	KTZ, MCZ	PRA	ADD	[29]
	PN	ATO, FLV	ADD	[18]
		LOV, SIM	ADD, SYN	[18]
	NYS	LOV, ROS	ADD	[28]
Candida parapsilosis	FCZ, ITZ	FLV	ADD, SYN	[21]
Candida tropicalis	FCZ	FLV	SYN	[21]
	ITZ	FLV	ADD, SYN	[21]
Cryptococcus neoformans	FCZ, ITZ	FLV	ADD, SYN	[21]
	AMB	FLV	ADD	[21]
Filamentous fungi-Zygomycetes
Absidia corymbifera	AMB	ROS	ADD, SYN	[19]
Cunninghamella bertholletiae	VCZ	LOV	SYN	[33]
Mucor circinelloides	VCZ	LOV	SYN	[33]
Rhizomucor mieheii	AMB	FLV, ROS	ADD, SYN	[19]
Rhizopus homothallicus	VCZ	LOV	SYN	[33]
Rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus	AMB	FLV, ROS	ADD, SYN	[19]
Rhizopus oryzae	AMB	FLV, ROS	ADD, SYN	[19,28]
		ATO, SIM	ADD	[28]
	FCZ	FLV	NI	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ, MCZ	LOV	ADD	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ	ATO, FLV, ROS	SYN, ADD	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	PRA	NI	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ	SIM	NI	[29]
	KTZ	LOV	NI	[29]
	MCZ	ATO	NI	[29]
		FLV, ROS, SIM	ADD	[29]
	NYS	ATO, FLV, LOV	ADD	[28]
	PN	ATO	ADD	[18]
		LOV, ROS	SYN	[18]
	VCZ	LOV	SYN	[33]
Syncephalastrum racemosum	AMB	FLV, ROS	ADD, SYN	[28]
Filamentous fungi-Ascomycetes
Aspergillus flavus	AMB, PN	FLV	ADD, SYN	[18,28]
	ITZ	ATO	SYN	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	FLV	SYN, ADD	[29]
	ITZ	LOV	ADD	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ	PRA	NI	[29]
	ITZ	ROS	ADD	[29]
	ITZ, MCZ	SIM	ADD	[29]
	KTZ	ATO, ROS	SYN, ADD	[29]
		SIM	NI	[29]
	MCZ	ATO, LOV, ROS	NI	[29]
		PRA	ADD	[29]
Aspergillus fumigatus	AMB	ATO, FLV	ADD, SYN	[28,37]
	CFG, VCZ	FLV	SYN	[37]
	FCZ, ITZ	ATO	SYN	[29]
	FCZ, ITZ, MCZ	FLV	ADD	[29]
	FCZ	LOV	SYN	[29]
	FCZ	SIM	SYN, ADD	[29]
	ITZ, KTZ, MCZ	LOV, SIM	ADD	[29]
		PRA	NI	[29]
	ITZ	ROS	SYN, ADD	[29]
	KTZ, MCZ	ATO	SYN, ADD	[29]
	KTZ	FLV	SYN, ADD	[29]
	KTZ, MCZ	ROS	ADD	[29]
Paecilomyces variotii	AMB	ATO,SIM	ADD	[28]
	PN	FLV, LOV, SIM	SYN	[18]
Filamentous fungi-Heterokontophyta
Pythium insidiosum	TBF	FLV	ANT	[37]

ADD: Additive interaction; AMB: Amphotericin B; ANT: Antagonism; ATO: Atorvastatin; CFG: Capofungin; FCZ: Fluconazole; FLV: Fluvastatin; ITZ: Itraconazole; KTZ: Ketoconazole; LOV: Lovastatin; MCZ: Miconazole; NI: No interaction; NYS: Nystatin; PN: Primycin; PRA: Pravastatin; ROS: Rosuvastatin; SIM: Simvastatin; SYN: Synergistic interaction; TBF: Terbinafine; VCZ: Voriconazole.