Convection-based vs conduction-based cooling in rehabilitation: A cadaveric porcine study of surface and intra-articular temperature reduction

Figure 2 Placement of temperature probes for skin, intramuscular, and intra-articular measurements. A: Skin temperature was measured using a probe inserted sub-dermally at a depth of approximately 1.75 inches, positioned parallel to the skin surface; B: Muscle temperature was recorded using an intramuscular probe inserted approximately 3.5 inches into the quadriceps muscle; C: Intra-articular knee temperature was measured by inserting a probe 125 inches into the joint space behind the patella. Tape measures were used to standardize probe insertion depth and ensure consistent placement across measurements. These probe positions enabled simultaneous evaluation of thermal responses in the superficial, intramuscular, and intra-articular regions during the experiment. ChatGPT was used to enhance the quality of the figures, without distortion or manipulation.