Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders

doi:10.5493/wjem.120531

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 120531
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.120531

Table 2 Summary of regulations and limitations of markers of receptor activator of NF-kappaB/receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand/osteoprotegerin axis

Marker	Type	Clinical use	Variability	Limitations
RANKL	Regulatory	Experimental	High	Assay variability, not standardized
OPG	Regulatory	Experimental	Moderate	Influenced by multiple systemic factors
RANKL/OPG ratio	Integrated marker	Emerging	Moderate	Lack of standardized cut-offs
PINP[156]	Bone formation marker	Established	Low	Reflects slower changes
β-CTX[157]	Bone resorption marker	Established	Moderate	Diurnal variation

RANKL: Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand; OPG: Osteoprotegerin; PINP: Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide; CTX: C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen.

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Citation: Lalotra T, Gunasekar A, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Muthu S, Devanand V, Jeyaraman M. Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 120531
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v16/i3/120531.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.120531

Lalotra T, Gunasekar A, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Muthu S, Devanand V, Jeyaraman M. Osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand as biomarkers for bone resorption-related disorders. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 120531 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.120531]

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