Forgotten compartment: Impact of tubulointerstitial inflammation and damage on renal outcomes in lupus nephritis from Saudi Arabia

doi:10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119440

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2026; 16(2): 119440
Published online Jun 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119440

Table 2 Multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify clinical predictors of coexisting tubulointerstitial inflammation and tubulointerstitial damage

Variable	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age at time of diagnosis	1.044 (0.984-1.109)	0.157
Class
III	150.420 (4.280-5285.889)	0.006^a
III and V	14.361 (0.744-277.264)	0.078
IV	8.181 (0.388-172.397)	0.177
IV and V	44.114 (1.445-1347.071)	0.03^a
V/VI	2.301 (0.139-38.101)	0.561
ANA	0.011 (0.001-0.199)	0.002^a
LDL-C	2.259 (1.288-3.963)	0.004^a
eGFR at zero	0.995 (0.979-1.012)	0.579
Endocapillary hypercellularity	0.461 (0.203-1.046)	0.064
Neutrophil and/or karyorrhexis	1.744 (0.720-4.225)	0.218
Fibrinoid necrosis × 2	2.293 (1.034-5.085)	0.041^a
Cellular/fibrocellular crescents score × 2	0.897 (0.584-1.378)	0.619
Hyaline deposit (wire loop and/or hyaline thrombi)	1.319 (0.530-3.285)	0.552
Interstitial inflammation (interstitial leukocytes)	73.287 (8.235-652.247)	< 0.001

^aP < 0.05.

ANA: Antinuclear antibody; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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Citation: Khalil MAM, Sadagah NM, Mahmood HHK, Alrowaie F, Almansour AM, Alghamdi RMH, Alghamdi L, A Al-Ghamdi R, Elgadi A, Al-Qurashi SH. Forgotten compartment: Impact of tubulointerstitial inflammation and damage on renal outcomes in lupus nephritis from Saudi Arabia. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(2): 119440
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v16/i2/119440.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119440

Khalil MAM, Sadagah NM, Mahmood HHK, Alrowaie F, Almansour AM, Alghamdi RMH, Alghamdi L, A Al-Ghamdi R, Elgadi A, Al-Qurashi SH. Forgotten compartment: Impact of tubulointerstitial inflammation and damage on renal outcomes in lupus nephritis from Saudi Arabia. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(2): 119440 [PMID: 42394784 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119440]

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