Detection of intracellular bacterial communities and biofilms in urinary tract infections with Escherichia coli using staining protocols

doi:10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119306

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Exp Med. Jun 20, 2026; 16(2): 119306
Published online Jun 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119306

Table 3 Scoring of intracellular bacterial communities within uroplakin cells by the four staining methods

Scoring¹	Sternheimer-Malbin stain (n = 15)	Wright-Giemsa stain (n = 19)	Safranin stain (n = 11)	Immunofluorescence staining (n = 27)
Occasional	2	3	1	2
Few	4	1	2	9
Mild	1	2	2	1
Moderate	1	3	1	2
Plenty	7	10	5	13

¹Based on the number of intracellular bacterial communities within uroplakin cells, scoring was defined as: Occasional: < 5, few: 6-10, mild: 11-30, moderate: 31-60, plenty: > 61.

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Citation: Pandey S, Aravaanan ASK, Bhaskar E, Silambanan S. Detection of intracellular bacterial communities and biofilms in urinary tract infections with Escherichia coli using staining protocols. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(2): 119306
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v16/i2/119306.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119306

Pandey S, Aravaanan ASK, Bhaskar E, Silambanan S. Detection of intracellular bacterial communities and biofilms in urinary tract infections with Escherichia coli using staining protocols. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(2): 119306 [PMID: 42394778 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v16.i2.119306]

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