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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 111043
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.111043
Table 2 Quality assessment for randomized controlled trials using the Cochrane risk of bias tool
Ref.
Random sequence generation
Allocation concealment
Blinding of participants and personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment
Incomplete outcome data
Selective reporting
Overall risk
Sakaguchi and Watari[3]LowLowHighLowLowLowModerate
Hess et al[9]LowLowLowLowLowLowLow
Subherwal et al[12]HighHighHighModerateLowLowHigh
Gibbons et al[13]LowModerateModerateLowHighLowModerate
Torrens Cid et al[5]LowLowLowLowLowLowLow
Becker et al[1]HighModerateHighModerateLowLowHigh
Magro et al[8]LowLowLowLowLowLowLow
Soor et al[7]ModerateHighModerateLowLowLowModerate


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