Ferula assafoetida induced colon cancer cells differentiation through JNK/MAPK signalling pathway activation

Table 2 Cell cycle analysis of Caco cells treated with Ferula assafoetida against sodium butyrate

Variable	Untreated cells	Sodium butyrate	F. assafoetida	P value	F1
Count of nuclei	1246 ± 2	2117.3 ± 2.08	1442.7 ± 2.08	P < 0.001	148390.4
Sub-G1 phase < 2n (%)	0.78 ± 0.03a	54.6 ± 0.10	53.85 ± 0.03	P < 0.001	106456.5
G0/G1 (%)	67.41 ± 0.02a	25.6 ± 0.01b	29.27 ± 0.03	P < 0.001	4138051.9
S (%)	30.73 ± 0.11a	10.65 ± 0.01b	12.76 ± 0.05	P < 0.001	135812.9
G2/M (%)	0.79 ± 0.01a	8.7 ± 0.01a	2.9 ± 0.04	P < 0.001	14260.9
> 4n (polyploid cells %)	0.24 ± 0.01a	0.17 ± 0.20a	1.17 ± 0.03	P < 0.001	69.3

¹All experiments were performed in triplicate, degree of freedom (df) between groups = 2, df within groups = 6.

^aP < 0.001 untreated cells compared to the other groups, or cells treated with sodium butyrate compared to those treated with Ferula assafoetida (F. assafoetida).

^bP < 0.01 cells treated with sodium butyrate compared to those treated with F. assafoetida. Ferula assafoetida: F. assafoetida.