Pinocembrin as a novel anti-cancer agent: Exploring preclinical evidence along with therapeutic potential

Figure 1 Atom-numbered chemical structure of pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxyflavanone). The hydroxyl groups at carbon positions C-5 and C-7 are shown explicitly, which are critical sites for phase II metabolic conjugation such as glucuronidation and sulfation. The absence of substituents on the B-ring is also highlighted, a feature that contributes to both its pharmacological profile and metabolic lability.