Association of inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic markers with Kellgren-Lawrence grading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis of knee: A protocol

doi:10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.107843

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315x

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Prospective Study

World J Exp Med. Dec 20, 2025; 15(4): 107843
Published online Dec 20, 2025. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.107843

Table 2 List of biomarkers to be analyzed in the study

Biomarkers	Variable	Method of analysis
Cytokines	Serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10	ELISA
Collagen markers	Urine CTX-II	ELISA
Non collagenous proteins	Serum COMP	ELISA
Growth factors	Serum TGF-beta1	ELISA
Oxidative stress markers	Serum oxidized-LDL	ELISA
Enzymes	Serum MMP13	ELISA
miRNA	Plasma miR-146a-5p, miR-34a-5p	qRT-PCR
Genetic studies- SNP	Plasma GDF5, SMAD4	PCR

PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; IL-interleukin; CTX-II: C-terminal telopeptide of type II; COMP: Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; TGF -beta1: Transforming growth factor beta 1; MMP13: Matrix metalloproteinase-13; GDF5: Growth differentiation factor 5; SMAD4: SMAD family member 4, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; ELISA: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.

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Citation: Sundaram KRM, Alwar TK, Nannapan R, Mohanakrishnan VV, Silambanan S. Association of inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic markers with Kellgren-Lawrence grading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis of knee: A protocol. World J Exp Med 2025; 15(4): 107843
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315x/full/v15/i4/107843.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.107843

Sundaram KRM, Alwar TK, Nannapan R, Mohanakrishnan VV, Silambanan S. Association of inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic markers with Kellgren-Lawrence grading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis of knee: A protocol. World J Exp Med 2025; 15(4): 107843 [PMID: 41497677 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v15.i4.107843]

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