Role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in liver diseases

Table 3 Studies on the role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma

Ref.	Country, study design	No. of patients	Male sex/age, in years/cirrhosis/DM	Outcome
Hendryx et al[65], 2022	United States, retrospective	3185	68.3%/74.8 ± 6.5/68.5%/100%	SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with reduced risk of mortality (HR: 0.58, 0.42-0.89) in patients with HCC, and the association was stronger for longer duration of use (HR: 0.37, 0.19-0.71)
Cho et al[66], 2024	South Korea, retrospective	55770	56.8%/49.7 ± 12.9/0.2%/100%	There was no reduction in the risk of HCC in the overall cohort, but a significant decrease in HCC occurrence was observed among patients using SGLT2 inhibitors with chronic viral hepatitis (P = 0.03)
Chou et al[67], 2024	Hong Kong, retrospective	22154	59.8%/62.8 ± 11.3/2.7%/100%	SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a lower risk of HCC (aHR: 0.42, 0.28-0.79), cancer-related mortality (aHR: 0.31, 0.19-0.41), and all-cause mortality (aHR: 0.30, 0.26-0.41) compared with DPP-4 inhibitors
Chung et al[68], 2024	South Korea, retrospective	13227	63.2%/59.8 ± 11.4/NA/100%	SGLT2 inhibitor use was associated with a lower risk of HCC (aHR: 0.68, 0.48-0.95), liver-related complications (aHR: 0.88, 0.79-0.97), and cirrhosis-related complications (aHR: 0.88, 0.79-0.98) compared with DPP-4 inhibitors

aHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; DM: Diabetes mellitus; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4; HR: Hazard ratio; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; NA: Not available; SGLT2: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2.