Experimental models of high-risk bowel anastomosis in rats: A systematic review

Table 11 Histologic assessment of the anastomosis

Ref.	Histologic assessment
Ehrlich et al[25]	Erythrocytes, polymorphonucleated cells, mononuclear cells, fibroblasts, collagen fibers, fibrin
Houdart et al[105] and Hutschenreiter et al[144] as modified by García et al[30]	Mucosal anastomotic re-epithelialization, neovascularization, fibroblasts, fibrosis, muscle layer destruction, neutrophil infiltration, lymphocyte infiltration, histiocyte infiltration, giant cell infiltration
Ehrlich et al[25] as modified by Phillips et al[33]	Inflammatory cell infiltration, blood vessel in growth, fibroblast ingrowth, collagen deposition
Houdart et al[105]	Granulocyte infiltration, mononuclear cell infiltration, fibroblastic proliferation, focal necrosis, exudate formation
Mucosal damage index by Mei et al[43]	0: Normal mucosa, no damage on mucosal surface; 1: Mild hyperemia and edema, no erosion or ulcer on mucosal surface; 2: Moderate hyperemia and edema with erosion on mucosal surface; 3: Severe hyperemia and edema with necrosis and ulcer on mucosal surface, the major ulcerative area < 1 cm; 4: Severe hyperemia and edema with necrosis and ulcer on mucosal surface, the major ulcerative area > 1 cm
de Roy van Zuidewijn et al[54]	Re-epithelialization, regeneration of muscularis propria, mucosal muscularis propria damage, necrosis, inflammatory exudate, granulation tissue, granulocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, granulation tissue
Greenhalgh et al[64]	Epithelization, cellular infiltration, fibroblastic proliferation, collagen deposition, neovascularization
Biert et al[73]	Necrosis, polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, edema, epithelium, submucosal - muscular continuity, neovascularization, fibrosis
Attard et al[75]	Mucosal continuity, muscular continuity, re-epithelialization, granulation tissue, polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts
Verhofstad et al[74]	Necrosis, polymorphonuclear cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, edema, mucosal continuity, submucosal – muscular continuity
Nursal et al[116]	Fibroblast infiltration, capillary formation, re-epithelialization, granulocyte infiltration, mononuclear cell infiltration
Park et al[121] and Chiu et al[122]	Grade 1: Normal mucosa; grade 2: The subepithelial space at the tip of the villus; grade 3: Increase in subepithelial space; grade 4: Overlapping and spills of the floor of the villus; grade 5: Disintegration of the lamina propria; grade 6: Crypt layer injury; grade 7: Transmucosal infarction and grade 8: Transmural infarction
Piroglu et al[124]	Inflammatory cell infiltration/concentration, neovascularization, fibroblastic activity, collagen fibers
Miltschitzky et al[15]	Blood vessel ingrowth, fibroblasts, collagen formation, inflammatory cell infiltration, first layer in which continuity has been restored, number of healed layers, epithelium closed, crypt architecture restored, overall healing quality