Hepatic and renal effects of oral stingless bee honey in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model

Table 2 Biochemical evaluation of renal function in response to different treatments over 12 d

Analytes	ND	UNT	SBH	MET	SBME
Urea (mmol/L)	8.28 ± 0.59	14.28 ± 4.92	7.95 ± 1.85	9.70 ± 0.30	7.30 ± 3.20
Creatinine (µmol/L)	46.00 ± 1.73	50.67 ± 1.80	46.17 ± 2.48	37.82 ± 8.62	40.80 ± 11.91
Na+ (mmol/L)	135.30 ± 1.93	138.40 ± 0.68	136.30 ± 0.88	134.40 ± 1.12	135.00 ± 1.23
K+ (mmol/L)	4.68 ± 0.12	4.45 ± 0.10	4.56 ± 0.32	4.52 ± 0.17	4.48 ± 0.11
Ca2+ (mmol/L)	2.36 ± 0.06	2.28 ± 0.04	2.35 ± 0.05	2.32 ± 0.04	2.36 ± 0.03
Mg2+ (mmol/L)	0.95 ± 0.03	0.88 ± 0.03	1.07 ± 0.05	0.93 ± 0.05	1.01 ± 0.14

Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s post-test. Data were expressed as mean + SEM. Among these five groups, there were no statistically significant differences in all parameters.