Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer

doi:10.5493/wjem.125128

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315X

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World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 125128
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.125128

Table 8 Correlations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression with the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer

VCAM-1 expression	Spearman-R	t(N-2)	P value
Age
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	-0.098419	-0.91715	0.361627
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.384898	3.86734	0.000213^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.124969	-1.16807	0.246005
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.116966	1.09220	0.277798
T stage
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	-0.128938	-1.20579	0.231207
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	-0.051366	-0.47698	0.634587
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.042704	-0.39638	0.692807
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	-0.096888	-0.90275	0.369180
N stage
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	-0.003196	-0.02964	0.976420
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.281316	2.71861	0.007929^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.109254	-1.01928	0.310928
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.099671	0.92894	0.355523
Tumor grade (G)
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.280088	2.70573	0.008217^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.417462	4.26037	0.000052^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	0.254710	2.44265	0.016626^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.220123	2.09267	0.039326
Lymphovascular invasion
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	-0.226550	-2.15703	0.033794
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.121831	1.13829	0.258161
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.305464	-2.97495	0.003803^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	-0.097202	-0.90571	0.367621
Perineural invasion
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.104121	0.97086	0.334342
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.034247	0.31778	0.751422
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.028020	-0.25995	0.795526
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	-0.110634	-1.03232	0.304818
Intraductal component
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.069913	0.64993	0.517468
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	-0.079382	-0.73849	0.462225
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.192815	-1.82228	0.071888
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	-0.265459	-2.55337	0.012432^a
Breast cancer subtype
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.046432	0.43106	0.667503
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.287880	2.78770	0.006533^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	0.191185	1.80629	0.074370
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.211896	2.01071	0.047489
Estrogen receptor status
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	-0.231564	-2.20743	0.029946
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	-0.492942	-5.25405	0.000001^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	-0.358117	-3.55694	0.000613^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	-0.231909	-2.21091	0.029696
Progesterone receptor status
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.011830	0.10972	0.912888
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	-0.081581	-0.75908	0.449882
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	0.052052	0.48337	0.630065
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.180134	1.69827	0.093072
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.377368	3.77897	0.000290^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.548298	6.08013	0.000000^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	0.505797	5.43738	0.000000^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.360459	3.58367	0.000561^a
Ki67 index
VCAM-1 expression in the LN sinuses	0.183432	1.73044	0.087138
VCAM-1 expression in the LN follicles	0.427231	4.38203	0.000033^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN cortex	0.321769	3.15156	0.002235^a
VCAM-1 expression in the LN medulla	0.355558	3.52784	0.000675^a

^aP value < 0.0250 is considered significant.

t(N-2): The value of the Student’s t-test for the number of degrees of freedom n-2. LN: Lymph node; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.

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Citation: Senchukova MA, Ishemgulov AT, Letuta SN, Saidler NV, Tagabilev DG. Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 125128
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315X/full/v16/i3/125128.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.125128

Senchukova MA, Ishemgulov AT, Letuta SN, Saidler NV, Tagabilev DG. Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 125128 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.125128]

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