Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer

doi:10.5493/wjem.125128

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine

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2220-315X

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World J Exp Med. Sep 20, 2026; 16(3): 125128
Published online Sep 20, 2026. doi: 10.5493/wjem.125128

Table 11 Frequency of weak and strong C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 expression in axillary lymph nodes according to the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer, n (%)

	CXCR4 expression in the LN sinuses			CXCR4 expression in the LN follicles			CXCR4 expression in the LN cortex			CXCR4 expression in the LN medulla
	0	1-2	P value	0-1	2-4	P value	0	1-3	P value	0	1-2	P value
Age
≥ 60 years	13 (46.5)	15 (53.5)	0.3208	14 (50)	14 (50)	0.8548	12 (42.8)	16 (57.2)	0.0001^a	8 (28.6)	20 (71.4)	0.0188^a
> 60 years	16 (34.8)	30 (65.2)	0.3208	22 (47.8)	24 (52.2)	0.8548	2 (4.3)	44 (95.6)	0.0001^a	2 (4.4)	44 (95.6)	0.0188^a
T stage
T1	12 (27.3)	32 (72.7)	0.0110^a	16 (36.4)	28 (63.6)	0.0104^a	8 (18.2)	36 (81.8)	0.8446	2 (4.5)	42 (95.5)	0.0063^a
T2	17 (56.7)	13 (43.3)	0.0110^a	20 (66.7)	13 (33.3)	0.0104^a	6 (20)	24 (80)	0.8446	8 (26.7)	22 (73.3)	0.0063^a
N stage
N0-1	21 (38.9)	33 (61.1)	0.9307	34 (62.9)	20 (37.1)	0.00005^a	10 (18.5)	44 (81.5)	0.8851	10 (18.5)	44 (81.8)	0.0385
N2-3	8 (40.0)	12 (60.0)	0.9307	2 (10)	18 (90)	0.00005^a	4 (20)	16 (80)	0.8851	0 (0)	20 (100)	0.0385
Tumor grade (G)
G1-G2	21 (42)	29 (58)	0.4536	22 (45.8)	26 (54.2)	0.7269	12 (24)	38 (76)	0.1108	6 (12)	44 (88)	0.5817
G3	8 (33.3)	16 (66.7)	0.4536	12 (50)	12 (50)	0.7269	2 (8.3)	22 (91.7)	0.1108	4 (16.7)	20 (83.3)	0.5817
Lymphovascular invasion
No	19 (43.2)	25 (56.8)	0.3942	28 (63.6)	16 (36.4)	0.0018^a	8 (18.2)	36 (81.8)	0.8446	8 (18.2)	36 (81.8)	0.1549
Present	10 (33.3)	20 (66.7)	0.3942	8 (26.7)	22 (73.3)	0.0018^a	6 (20)	24 (80.0)	0.8446	2 (6.7)	28 (93.3)	0.1549
Perineural invasion
No	25 (43.1)	33 (59.1)	0.1891	26 (44.8)	32 (55.2)	0.2105	10 (17.2)	48 (82.8)	0.4830	8 (13.8)	50 (86.2)	0.8934
Present	4 (25.0)	12 (75.0)	0.1891	10 (62.5)	6 (37.6)	0.2105	4 (25)	12 (75)	0.4830	2 (12.5)	14 (87.5)	0.8934
Intraductal component
No	25 (40.3)	37 (59.7)	0.6499	28 (45.2)	34 (54.8)	0.1725	10 (16.1)	52 (83.9)	0.1637	8 (12.9)	54 (87.1)	0.7271
Present	4 (33.3)	8 (66.7)	0.6499	8 (66.7)	4 (33.3)	0.1725	4 (33.3)	8 (66.7)	0.1637	2 (16.7)	10 (83.3)	0.7271
Breast cancer subtype
Luminal A	12 (40)	18 (60)	0.0621	12 (40.0)	18 (60)	0.1349	10 (33.3)	20 (66.7)	0.0462	6 (20)	24 (80)	0.2354
Luminal B HER2–	16 (53.3)	14 (46.7)		18 (60.0)	12 (40)		3 (6.7)	28 (93.3)		2 (6.67)	28 (93.3)
Luminal B HER2+	0 (0)	4 (100)		0 (0)	4 (100)		0 (0)	4 (100)		0 (0)	4 (100)
HER2+	0 (0)	4 (100)		2 (50)	2 (50)		0 (0)	4 (100)		0 (0)	4 (100)
TNBC	1 (16.7)	5 (83.3)		4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)		2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)		2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)
Estrogen receptor status
Negative	1 (10)	9 (90)	0.0420	6 (60)	4 (40)	0.4399	2 (20)	8 (80)	0.9252	2 (20)	8 (80)	0.5188
Positive	28 (43.8)	36 (56.2)	0.0420	30 (46.9)	34 (51.1)	0.4399	12 (18.7)	52 (81.3)	0.9252	8 (12.5)	56 (87.5)	0.5188
Progesterone receptor status
Negative	13 (43.3)	17 (56.7)	0.5465	20 (66.7)	10 (33.3)	0.0105^a	8 (26.7)	22 (73.3)	0.1599	6 (20)	24 (80)	0.1778
Positive	16 (36.4)	28 (63.6)		16 (36.4)	28 (63.6)		6 (13.6)	38 (86.4)		4 (9.1)	40 (90.9)
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status
Negative	23 (35.9)	41 (64.1)	0.0162^a	34 (51.5)	32 (48.5)	0.1565	14 (21.2)	52 (78.8)	0.1480	10 (15.2)	56 (84.8)	0.2365
Positive	6 (60)	4 (40)	0.0162^a	2 (25)	6 (75)	0.1565	0 (0)	8 (100)	0.1480	0 (0)	8 (100)	0.2365
Ki67 index
< 40	16 (34.8)	30 (65.2)	0.3196	20 (43.5)	26 (56.5)	0.2541	12 (26.1)	34 (73.9)	0.0436	8 (17.4)	38 (82.6)	0.2111
≥ 40	13 (46.4)	15 (53.6)	0.3196	16 (57.1)	12 (42.8)	0.2541	2 (7.1)	26 (92.9)	0.0436	2 (7.1)	26 (92.9)	0.2111

^aP value < 0.0250 is considered significant.

CXCR4: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4; LN: Lymph node; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer.

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Citation: Senchukova MA, Ishemgulov AT, Letuta SN, Saidler NV, Tagabilev DG. Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 125128
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-315X/full/v16/i3/125128.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5493/wjem.125128

Senchukova MA, Ishemgulov AT, Letuta SN, Saidler NV, Tagabilev DG. Changes in the metabolism of axillary lymph node cells as a predictor of regional metastasis in breast cancer. World J Exp Med 2026; 16(3): 125128 [DOI: 10.5493/wjem.125128]

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