Effect of propolis and honey in hyperglycemia-induced kidney and liver injuries, proteinuria, and oxidant and antioxidant parameters

Table 1 Nutritional parameters and antioxidant activity of propolis and honey, mean ± SD

Samples	Carbohydrates (mg Glceq/g)	Soluble proteins (mg BSA/g)	Total proteins (%)	TPC (mg GAE/g)	TFC (mg QE/g)	TAA (mg AAE/g)	DPPH IC50 (mg/mL)
Propolis	1.57 ± 0.02	22.18 ± 2.11	2.32 ± 0.02	65.22 ± 3.73	25.98 ± 5.81	79.12 ± 7.04	0.34 ± 0.03
Honey	698.19 ± 5.221	3.42 ± 0.011	0.36 ± 0.011	28.54 ± 1.041	16.35 ± 1.191	68.72 ± 6.51	1.11 ± 0.01
P value	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.048	0.112	0.001

¹Significant compared to propolis.

TPC: Total phenolic content; TFC: Total flavonoid content; TAA: Total antioxidant activity; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate; GAE: Gallic acid equivalent; QE: Quercetin equivalent; AAE: Ascorbic acid equivalent.